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Running costs could be considered to consist energy- and maintenance costs. The maintenance costs will not be discussed in this context; we will focus on how energy costs can be minimized. By intuition a normal assumption would be that the energy cost directly depends on the pump efficiency. However to be more accurate, the energy cost actually depends on how much energy is consumed by the pump when operating together with its pipe system.
To explain what we mean we show an example:
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Engineering
Specific energy calculation example